MCQs for Competitive Exam On Cell Injury and Cellular Adaptation

Question

1. What is the most common cause of cell injury?

a) Infection

b) Genetic mutations

c) Oxygen deprivation

d) Trauma

2. What is the main mechanism of cell death in irreversible cell injury?

a) Apoptosis

b) Necrosis

c) Autophagy

d) Senescence

3. Which of the following is a reversible cell injury?

a) Ischemia

b) Necrosis

c) Apoptosis

d) Atrophy

4. Which type of necrosis is characterized by a cheese-like appearance?

a) Coagulative necrosis

b) Liquefactive necrosis

c) Caseous necrosis

d) Fat necrosis

5. Which type of cellular adaptation occurs when there is an increase in the size of individual cells?

a) Hyperplasia

b) Hypertrophy

c) Atrophy

d) Metaplasia

6. Which type of cellular adaptation occurs when there is an increase in the number of cells?

a) Hyperplasia

b) Hypertrophy

c) Atrophy

d) Metaplasia

7. Which of the following is an example of physiologic hypertrophy?

a) Increase in muscle mass due to weightlifting

b) Increase in heart size during pregnancy

c) Increase in liver size due to alcohol abuse

d) Increase in bone density due to exercise

8. Which of the following is an example of pathologic hypertrophy?

a) Increase in muscle mass due to weightlifting

b) Increase in heart size due to hypertension

c) Increase in liver size due to viral hepatitis

d) Increase in bone density due to osteoporosis

9. Which type of cellular adaptation occurs when one cell type is replaced by another cell type?

a) Hyperplasia

b) Hypertrophy

c) Atrophy

d) Metaplasia

10. Which of the following is a cause of cellular aging?

a) Telomere shortening

b) Oxidative stress

c) DNA damage

d) All of the above

11. Which of the following is an example of physiologic atrophy?

a) Decrease in muscle mass due to aging

b) Decrease in thymus size during childhood

c) Decrease in liver size due to liver disease

d) Decrease in bone density due to immobility

12. Which of the following is an example of pathologic atrophy?

a) Decrease in muscle mass due to aging

b) Decrease in thymus size due to disease

c) Decrease in liver size due to alcohol abuse

d) Decrease in bone density due to exercise

13. What is the main cause of coagulative necrosis?

a) Ischemia

b) Enzyme digestion

c) Bacterial infection

d) Chemical injury

14. Which type of necrosis is characterized by liquefaction of tissue?

a) Coagulative necrosis

b) Liquefactive necrosis

c) Caseous necrosis

d) Fat necrosis

15. What is the main cause of caseous necrosis?

a) Bacterial infection

b) Fungal infection

c) Viral infection

d) Chemical injury

16. What is the main cause of fat necrosis?

a) Enzyme digestion

b) Trauma

c) Ischemia

d) Chemical injury

17. Which of the following is an example of physiologic hyperplasia?

a) Increase in breast tissue during pregnancy

b) Increase in liver size due to alcohol abuse

c) Increase in bone density due to exercise

d) Increase in muscle

Answers : 

1. c) Oxygen deprivation
2. b) Necrosis
3. a) Ischemia
4. c) Caseous necrosis
5. b) Hypertrophy
6. a) Hyperplasia
7. b) Increase in heart size during pregnancy
8. b) Increase in heart size due to hypertension
9. d) Metaplasia
10. d) All of the above
11. b) Decrease in thymus size during childhood
12. c) Decrease in liver size due to alcohol abuse
13. a) Ischemia
14. b) Liquefactive necrosis
15. a) Bacterial infection
16. d) Chemical injury
17. a) Increase in breast tissue during pregnancy